24 April 1500, Professor Zhi Xiuyi about early detection of lung cancer treatment strategies

 Interview topics: lung cancer early detection and treatment strategies
invited guests: Capital University of Medical Treatment of Lung Cancer Center Director, Professor Zhi Xiuyi following interview
Record *
2008 National Cancer Prevention and which projects will be?
Moderator: Good afternoon, friends, Welcome to Sohu health interview room. April is the month we tumor Sohu health, the National Cancer Prevention Week has just ended, this year's theme, or focus on tobacco control to start smoking may be all that most likely think of lung cancer. Well, today we go to the well-known experts in tobacco control and cancer prevention science professor Zhi Xiuyi guest expert interview room to talk with netizens early lung cancer detection and treatment strategies!
Professor in the capital expenditure Medical Treatment of Lung Cancer Center, Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Director. in lung cancer diagnosis, clinical stage before treatment, standardized treatment, surgical treatment, perioperative management and the field of multimodality therapy of lung cancer, especially in the advanced non-small cell lung cancer and surgical treatment for elderly lung cancer patients, non-small cell lung cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, CT-guided radiofrequency ablation therapy and multidisciplinary treatment has a wealth of clinical experience.
interviews begin, first tell us you support the National Cancer Prevention and Professor of weeks, as well as in cancer prevention and treatment of late there will be publicity which projects?
Zhi Xiuyi: the third week of April each year, the National Cancer Prevention Week, this year is the fourteenth session of the theme Day theme is young people away from tobacco, combined with these two themes, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, solicited members of the council as well as the views of various provinces and cities, and ultimately determine the main subject is tobacco control, and this is the first time the National Cancer Prevention Week use and tobacco control for two consecutive years on the subject.
good this year about a background of tobacco control: first, the Chinese government has signed the international Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Second, the upcoming Olympic Games in Beijing, Premier Wen Jiabao also the World Health Organization Director-General undertaking that should the Olympic Games into the green Olympics, the Olympic Games should smoke into the green Olympics, Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee has been promoting a smoke-free Olympic run. This year on May 1 After the formal implementation of the Beijing Amendment will also be a good smoke-free legislation.
April 13 this year, the World Health Organization, some representatives of international tobacco control, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Ministry of Health Disease Control Bureau and the Tianjin Municipal Committee leadership so held in Tianjin, Galaxy Plaza, a National Cancer Prevention Awareness Week launch ceremony, and issued a written proposal and hope that through this National Cancer Awareness Week, the prevention and treatment of some tumors, and tobacco control knowledge to tell you. Then, 4 15 held in Beijing, also very pleased to be working again and Sohu Health Channel to promote scientific knowledge of cancer information throughout the year.
Prevention Week, in Beijing, Shanghai and various provinces and cities, all around the promotion of the whole people quit smoking, so that the theme of tobacco away from children a series of activities to do. From the feedback we received, nearly 50 hospitals nationwide, nearly 50 different cities around the theme of Cancer Awareness Week-related activities done.
4 月 19 日Tumor week ended, we held in Beijing, media experts, the consensus will be, please quit smoking expert, lung cancer, smoking cessation and cancer prevention experts say. In this week's Cancer campaign, or play a pass to the Cancer Society and smoking cessation The role of knowledge.
Moderator: Why did you choose For example, lung cancer, we had a lack of diagnosis, the cancer is diagnosed in a late stage by the loss of surgical treatment, a five-year survival rate is very low. the international five-year survival rate of lung cancer is about 15%, China 8% so. we do a series of work, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, physical, most of them closely around the treatment of advanced cancer. to a large number of Internet users and the people still left the impression that fear of cancer.
This time we want the community know, although many patients with advanced, but early cancer patients also considerable. whether it is breast, lung, stomach, colon, and so, patients after treatment, five, ten, even fifteen years a lot of people live, Some has also been on the job. We hope to add a message to everyone that through early diagnosis of cancer through scientific standard treatment so patients can live very well, had not died of cancer. In recent years, with the high-tech use in various fields, these high-tech means are in the cancer field has been completely done, but people do not know, especially in elderly patients, we are to give people a message of hope, casting from a common line of defense Cancer .
What are the symptoms of lung cancer mean?
Moderator: Today we talk about how to focus on early detection of lung cancer. a lot of friends asked, What are the symptoms appear when it should be wary of lung cancer?
Zhi Xiuyi: I have engaged in the treatment of lung cancer 25 years from the development of medical knowledge and perspective of cancer, including treatment of the effect of view, the earlier the cancer, the treatment effect is better. So is the eternal topic of cancer prevention, early detection is the eternal the topic of how the early detection of lung cancer
? First, the government and medical institutions concerned, to do the screening is very important high-risk groups, such as smoking 20 years, more than 20 cigarettes per day in person, give him lateral chest X-ray film to do is scan and chest CT, a considerable part of the ratio could be an early detection of lung cancer.
Second, if there are symptoms of the patients after treatment must be timely. high-risk groups, especially in smokers, if way to change your cough, cough nature of cough sound changes, such as phlegm if you have not, there are sputum, it is necessary to the hospital for tests. And if the same parts of the repeated lung inflammation, lung cancer should also consider possible.
third, non-smoking healthy subjects, began irritating cough, bloody sputum, then also go to the hospital.
colleagues clinicians should also strengthen the understanding of lung cancer, lung cancer doctor is engaged in the real thoracic surgery, respiratory and oncology doctors, but some patients with lung cancer have bone metastases that he would go to orthopedic treatment, chest pain, patients will see the Department of Cardiology, all clinicians should be concerned about the early symptoms of lung cancer I think the more the task is in Cancer General Hospital, Capital Medical University, has been prepared to set up in late May of Clinical Oncology.
Moderator: That is the medical workers must guard against these diseases early signal? < br> Zhi Xiuyi: There are some delays in cancer diagnosis, is under doctor's observation of delay, if the doctors believe that patients with only lung inflammation, and review a month later the patient, but may not review the patients themselves, or after review The doctor has not been tracked, may be delay in diagnosis. So I think to make more early detection of lung cancer, early treatment, should be allowed to non-tumor General Hospital doctors have the training to come to this area.
what needs to be done early detection of lung cancer check?
Moderator: For lung cancer, early detection of what kind of inspection methods?
Zhi Xiuyi: First, for high-risk groups, or suggested a low dose chest spiral CT, from the perspective of health economics are more cost-effective. Second, if you already have bloodshot sputum, should do inspections. other tumor markers must be high although not cancer, but should at least remind the doctor check .
sometimes is due to bone metastasis of lung cancer or brain metastasis discovered, many of thoracic surgeons turn patients come from brain surgery. easy to brain cancer, bone metastasis, the associated orthopedic and surgery, if found The words of metastatic cancer, can also be found in the lungs of factors, at least we caught an early opportunity for treatment.
What are the treatment of early lung cancer?
Moderator: support received by the previous introduction, we have friends The symptoms of lung cancer have some understanding. If caught and treated early, the result is better. can tell us about the treatment of early lung cancer which means?
Zhi Xiuyi: lung cancer in four of the early lung cancer as I lock period and phase II, I was divided into IA of the IB of the period. for I and II, of the patients, and now advocate surgery, international and domestic data show that, IA and IB in the five-year survival rate can reach 90%. II patients can be achieved on 50% to 80%, III for more than five-year survival rate of less than 50%. Calculation of the survival of early lung cancer five-year survival rate is, in units of years, survival for advanced lung cancer was calculated in months, so early treatment of lung cancer is very important.
the clinical symptoms of early lung cancer as a local, with the partial solution to the first is surgery, if the patient can tolerate surgery, liver and kidney function is also very good, surgical treatment is preferred. surgery There are many ways, a lobectomy, pneumonectomy, the removal of us require sweeping the corresponding along the lymph nodes, because lung cancer is easy lymph node, and then sent to pathology. Clinical think I of the patients, there are some II, or III, Surgery is the first choice.
Second, some patients can not be operated on, for example, has just had myocardial infarction, diabetes was not well controlled, the patient inoperable, or refused surgery. We have a lot of ways, including our some physical methods. now for radical local treatment, mainly in recent years in the international and domestic promotion of CT guided radiofrequency ablation, the needle probe into the tumor of a tumor, by heating the electrode, heated to 60 degrees 90 degrees to kill the tumor, as the saying is patients, local treatment can be a very good therapeutic effect. Also by radiofrequency ablation can play the other role. such as the relatively large tumor, radiation can not kill all to be first through most of radiofrequency ablation to kill cancer cells, and then then through a thorough treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
staging of lung cancer must first be treated? What indicators can be clearly detected lung cancer staging?
Moderator: Lung cancer is also the stage, all the patients before treatment , should be accurate staging before treatment?
Zhi Xiuyi: This is a must, so many years, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and the Chinese Medical Association have repeatedly called for, had cancer, we must first re-treatment stage . because the sub-one thousand two hundred thirty-four cancer, different treatment of different level, the situation is different prognosis. If not done in phases to surgery, which is not allowed. The patient not only suffers with their money, the effect is not Good.
a number of doctors willing to give the countdown, suspected bone metastasis, said patients live for three months at most, the last patient lived more than a year, the bones do not matter, just before the signs of healing hurt. so early in the late is not who says it. decision must be before the first stage treatment program. There are some areas of lung cancer on the operating table is not set, this is ridiculous. We request must be clear before surgery is not lung cancer, lung cancer if it is I, surgery is about 90% five-year survival rate, if it is four lung cancer, it can not easily cut out.
easy to systemic metastasis of lung cancer, we should first present the general treatment of lung cancer chest CT, chest, upper lobe, lung under Leaves are to be done. This is the analysis of the important criteria for staging of lung cancer. Second, brain and bone metastases. for brain metastases previously used brain CT, brain magnetic resonance imaging is now replaced by brain CT. for the easy case of bone metastasis Before treatment, to conventional whole body bone scan, so you can see there is no transfer. Third, we need to do regular abdominal ultrasound or abdominal CT. As for tumor markers, etc., may later come into our lives slowly, it is not as routine.
Moderator: patients diagnosed with lung cancer, be sure to do some stage check?
Zhi Xiuyi: Yes.
Moderator: Good points after the next period step of the treatment.
Zhi Xiuyi: We remind patients, if it is lung cancer, treatment options before the decision stage must be good. Now this idea has learned to clinical health care workers taught to go.
all of lung cancer will need chemotherapy after surgery you?
Moderator: Is not all patients require postoperative chemotherapy?
Zhi Xiuyi: We called the absolute IA patients with early stage of the patient, the patient is a local problem, Surgery solved. If II period, with hilar lymph node metastasis, it is not a local problem. we have two or more non-small cell lung cancer and small cells, as a systemic disease, only surgery not need treatment to local and systemic treatment combination.
from the eighties of last century, centers around the world began to carry out lung cancer adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery to do clinical research, now has the people into the clinical research project. II, more than many patients from adjuvant chemotherapy has been beneficial. adjuvant therapy, there are two, the first is the radiotherapy and the second is chemotherapy. the current II, and III of non-small cell adjuvant therapy after surgery is done. We want to avoid too light therapy, but also to avoid excessive treatment. postoperative chemotherapy should be four to six cycles, typically four cycles, if you do individualized clinical treatment can be done for six cycles.
last ten years, has undertaken a number of international and domestic neoadjuvant chemotherapy studies. such as III of the disease itself, except for patients already had hilar lymph node metastases, and have mediastinal lymph node metastases, is not a local problem. We can use the effective preoperative chemotherapy, the lesions reduced the number of lymph nodes are reduced, another surgery to control of the lesion, but also to bring operations to avoid surgery the operation of the spread. now generally requires two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
present, most of the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is blind. who do not know after the program has no use. analogy, for example, I have this medicine is for A, if A in an effective, but if A is taken away, that is, the existence of the disease should not have chemotherapy, do not know if valid or not valid. to another aspect, the use of four to six cycle, not necessarily useful, the insurance just to make a needle.
Now we can look at the tumor by preoperative chemotherapy response, and sometimes only one cycle of chemotherapy, there are significant changes in symptoms, give the patient an operation. The program also used after surgery do four cycles. If this option has no effect before surgery, completed two cycles of chemotherapy, lesions were not small, but large, and this proves he did not use the program on, we change the program.
There are some patients after myocardial infarction, inoperable within three months, unstable diabetes, in particular, can not be operated on. can not wait three months, simply with two cycles of chemotherapy, both control the disease, and no delay treatment progress. but also conducive to surgery.
what needs to be done after lung cancer surgery to avoid recurrence or metastasis check? how should I do if relapse?
Moderator: adjuvant chemotherapy to do very important aspect is to prevent disease recurrence and transfer. If the transfer case, he faces what condition changes?
Zhi Xiuyi: We emphasize that all surgeons to patients after surgery to strengthen the follow-up. The first annual review once every three months to the hospital the second year, review once every six months, and then check once each year. must be done each chest CT, small lesions can be found to have no transfer.
because the cancer is characterized by easy transfer, easy to relapse, so after surgery , but also enhance secondary prevention. If the periodic review, a problem found in the film, we should be treated. especially the III stage patients, but also to regular review. If it is to adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, usually twenty- One day a plan to do four to six times. each time the course of chemotherapy, have to do check, if you find a local recurrence, to local processing. if not only local recurrence, the current experience is that more and more patients with local recurrence less, more of a bone metastasis to bone metastasis according to the method, fracture prevention, bone emergence of drug use. If tumor recurrence after five years, and you follow the method of medical treatment on it.
side effects of chemotherapy you can stop the chemotherapy?
Moderator: Some users have mentioned some side effects of chemotherapy after surgery, such as a hair loss, nausea. Can they ask only two weeks of postoperative chemotherapy, coupled with Chinese medicine, is it possible to achieve normal results?
Zhi Xiuyi: We do not claim to do so, or because of recurrence of cancer caused by the growth of cancer cells, cancer itself is logarithmic growth. Different cells have different growth cycle, the early patients the cube of ten cells, it is possible within six months, about eight square into ten. According to cell cycle and the metastatic spread of the laws of view, we recommend four to six cycles. by My theory is that cancer cells are killed all over again. If the body can not bear to four cycles, six cycles can be tolerated as much as possible.
According to the present situation, for the side effects of chemotherapy, there good approach. general hospital in the formal treatment, the patient is not to suffer, but can not be two cycles of chemotherapy to stop, since the standard treatment to treatment is necessary.
a pleural effusion of advanced lung cancer are you?
Moderator: Once the pleural effusion of lung cancer mean that to late?
Zhi Xiuyi: I touch medicine in 1978, when the concept is that once the lung cancer patients with pleural effusion is late. Now, with the development and progress of medical treatment and equipment to improve the means of progress, update, especially the emergence of electronic thoracoscopy, we found that a considerable part of the malignant pleural effusion is not, by nearly one-third thoracoscopic found pleural effusion is benign effusion.
If pleural effusion is benign, no cancer cells found that II,, II positive effect of surgery on patient well. For unexplained pleural effusion Do not presume to It is a malignant pleural effusion. In my opinion, unexplained pleural effusion thoracoscopy should be used for routine examination, if the pleura is very clean, just get into the water, must not give up treatment. is indeed a malignant pleural effusion If repeated puncture, repeated drainage, pleural fluid protein loss, the patient will lose nutrients. So, even if malignant pleural effusion, thoracoscopy can also be used to treat, so the lung and pleura paste, called pleurodesis, pleural effusion that will not further into, when combined with radiation therapy, targeted therapy to better governance of the.
In addition, pleural puncture to the organization rarely, if taken by thoracoscopy will be more pathological, pathological laboratory tests will be very satisfied. From this point on, not just e-thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion, the area in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion has a very good role.
why lung cancer multidisciplinary therapy ?
Moderator: multidisciplinary treatment What is the significance?
Zhi Xiuyi: The current treatment of lung cancer in medicine - drug therapy, surgery - surgical treatment, as well as physical therapy - Radiofrequency ablation, Gamma Knife Chinese medicine treatment, targeted therapy, psychological treatment and so on. is clinically a very strange phenomenon, is clearly not an operation, but the hands of the patient to the surgeon to cut out. clearly is surgery, to the physician hands to chemo.
I had lung cancer five years ago, advocated the establishment of centers, which have both medical surgery, radiation therapy have both traditional Chinese medicine, there are psychological treatment the doctor. multidisciplinary multi-disciplinary treatment must sit with the doctors. Now the experience, I and Phase II, stage IIIA non-small cell patients, the use of the surgical treatment based comprehensive treatment. III and VI of the adoption of the comprehensive medical treatment based on surgery . all doctors should be jointly discussed for a case where the patient is on, and then develop a comprehensive treatment plan.
multidisciplinary treatment is the future trend, not simply focus on surgery or drugs, each treatment has limitations, so we Now local treatment and systemic therapy emphasizes the combination of the combination of physical and chemical, physical therapy and psychological treatment combination. for the local lung cancer early age, we stress the importance of local physical treatment, coupled with biological targeted therapy combination to achieve the unity of the local with the body, the combination of physics and chemistry.
users following questions *
secondhand smoke equivalent to active smoking
Moderator: friends asked, he and his leadership in a office, leading to smoke ten cigarettes a day, when the office has a basket can purify the air, he asked how to prevent such cases of lung cancer?
Zhi Xiuyi: This involves another topic of smoking. If the field, I think the first is to advise you of the leadership not to smoke in the office to smoke outside, to the health of others, do not let other people second-hand smoking. I do not know how much time you work with the leadership If you are passive, you have to participate in regular annual medical examination must be according to chest.
Host: 73-year-old father of users, in October 2007 found that lung tumors. has now been done six times chemotherapy, tumor shrinkage, but the WBC is not stable, the decline is half and half. how about this treatment?
Zhi Xiuyi: we get from TV and the Internet are very limited data, the information provided from the users point of view He should be a period IIIB non-small cell treatment. from the effects of view, the tumor shrunk, cells were also less, the program is still valid. as it has done 6 cycles of chemotherapy, his treatment should no longer continue. this time, symptomatic treatment of Chinese medicine can do. Second, topical treatment or need to do. I think these patients, six cycles of chemotherapy if you have done, and reduce the number of local matter, because there is not much to write tumor the tumor was 6-8 cm, narrow half there are 4 cm, this time to do treatment, do local processing, radio frequency ablation Ye Hao, radiotherapy 也好. Third, there are other parts to investigate the transfer, if metastasis, we need to do second-line chemotherapy.
Host: 73-year-old man found in January 2008 of lung cancer.'ve done 25 days of radiotherapy, but also did two courses of chemotherapy. now how to do ?
Zhi Xiuyi: 73-year-old patient in elderly patients or young inside, we must first find out what causes weakness, we have to distinguish, if it is caused due to illness certainly need to do some treatment, if is a factor of chemotherapy, to strengthen the side effects of chemotherapy response, enhancing adjuvant chemotherapy. Meanwhile, give him a score, and if the patient can not do treatment, targeted therapy can be done.
Moderator: Today interviews almost time. Finally, please support teach some suggestions of our users, while to us about the time and place of your visits.
Zhi Xiuyi: I especially want to tell users, early detection of cancer after treatment very good, also good if we pay attention to the clinical stage of lung cancer to develop better treatment programs, combined with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted drugs such as combined therapy, there will be a good therapeutic effect, it should pay attention to the clinical stage and overall treatment.
my clinic hours are every Monday morning, to take different time periods for treatment, every ten minutes to fifteen minutes to see a patient, I hope that friends no matter where patients see a doctor you must take the good with the disease-related information. Booking hotline: / 8151.
Moderator: This concludes today's interview, Professor Xie Xiezhi the visit. netizens question if there is lung cancer support can visit the professor's blog (
Zhi Xiuyi: I hope Cancer to more knowledge, spread to more users, so that we know more scientific knowledge, let us not fear cancer cancer patients, cancer patients can we standardized and scientific treatment of cancer.
Interview Record ends *
experts:
Zhi Xiuyi Capital University of Medical Oncology, Professor, deputy director of Capital University of Medical Treatment of Lung Cancer

director of the Center of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Director
China's well-known experts in thoracic surgery and lung cancer prevention and cancer control
famous science of tobacco control experts
1983 graduate of Capital University of Medical Health Department. in Beijing Chest Hospital Thoracic Surgery for 20 years, in October 2002 from Miami After returning to the University Cancer Center training Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, transferred to any director of thoracic surgery in April to create the establishment of .2003 Capital University of Medical Center of lung cancer treatment center and served as director of .2008 Capital University of Medical Oncology in April appointed Deputy Director of the Department. < br> In the lung cancer diagnosis, clinical stage before treatment, standardized treatment, surgical treatment, perioperative management, and multidisciplinary treatment of lung fields, especially in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and surgical treatment for elderly lung cancer patients, non- small cell lung cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, CT-guided radiofrequency ablation therapy and multidisciplinary treatment of clinical experience with extensive variety of .20 years to complete more than 3,000 cases of lung cancer, writing academic more than 30 papers, editor and coauthor of 10 professional books and textbooks remnants.
currently serves as the Chinese branch of Thoracic Surgeons Medical Association Executive Vice President and Director-General, Chinese Medical Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Branch Deputy Secretary General Office of the director of the China Tobacco Control and Lung Cancer Foundation, director of the work, the work of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Minister of Science Popularization, Beijing, Health Education Association executive vice president. more than 10 academic journals as an associate editor, managing editor and editorial board. regular consultations throughout the country to go to surgery and academic lectures and in-mission abroad in recent years led a delegation to take part in the field of thoracic surgery and lung cancer international academic conferences. footprints all over the United States, Britain, France, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Ireland, Italy, , Spain, Malta, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea and more than 20 domestic provinces and municipalities.
recent years, active participation of Professor Zhi Xiuyi tobacco control and lung cancer prevention and treatment of cancer science and advocacy. in hospitals, communities and kinds of media in more than 100 health education talks.

Bank of America credit cards 20.3 billion goodwill impairment adjustment challenges facing the business structure

 However, goodwill impairment increased the scale of Bank of America credit card business is still displayed woeful. The retail sector has been the core of the Bank of America profit sector, its deposits, credit cards and home loans accounted for about half of U.S. banking income. According to the latest disclosure of the bank's quarterly data in 2010, its retail banking profit fell sharply by 21% to 16 billion U.S. dollars. Data showed U.S. retail banking losses from a year ago to 610 million down to 201 million, although the loss rate eased slightly, but still much higher than market expectations.

NEW YORK, Feb. 23 (Xinhua Yu Liang) Bank of America recently announced impairment of goodwill of its credit card business increased to 20.3 billion scale, it is the bank crisis has further aggravated the retail business performance. At the same time, the bank's brokerage and investment banking strength, but in strengthening the bank profit growth is expected to become heavy head. Bank of America, the challenges facing the business structure.

(This article Source: Xinhua)
sluggish performance of the retail business of Bank of America direct impact on profit for the year. According to the Financial Report, the bank 1.2 billion loss last year, $ 0.16 per share. Wall Street analysts generally believe that the data reflect the 2008 acquisition of Merrill Lynch Bank of America and other financial institutions after-effects. Can not get rid of the shadow in the case of mergers and acquisitions, this should be the highlight of the retail sector profits are not due to play an active role in this.

Stickler said, goodwill impairment is a non-cash items, it will not affect U.S. bank earnings results and strong capital position.

Stickler, Bank of America spokesman, said the launch of U.S. credit card bills and declining credit quality of the Bank of America increased the time scale of the main reasons for the impairment of goodwill. The U.S. government in May 2009 through the credit card bill, designed to control excessive credit card fees and interest growth.

Eye on Health 6.6 Sohu Interview - age-related macular degeneration prevention

 Professor Chen Youxin Sohu Health Channel about age-related macular degeneration prevention
Sohu health: you friends, good afternoon! Welcome to the Sohu interview between healthy.
On June 6 at the National Eye approaching, we Sohu is honored to have a healthy Beijing Union Medical College Hospital, Professor Chen Youxin guest expert interviews, the talk with netizens on the age-related macular degeneration eye disease that terrible.
as the science improves, the more we learn for the eyes and more clear, eye protection and eye diseases are increasingly concerned about the high 70's is our most well-known red eyes, we know the age of 80 cataracts, glaucoma 90 years we have learned, one after another blinding eye disease under control. Now, macular degeneration, eye health has become the main reason affecting the elderly, but the general public awareness of this disease is very limited, on the one hand do not pay attention after the other, I do not know how sick the correct treatment. am very pleased to have invited Professor Chen Youxin between a guest expert interview with netizens talk about prevention and treatment of this disease.
first of Professor Chen with friends to say hello.
Chen Youxin: Honourable friends, good afternoon! very pleased to meet with you friends.
Beijing Union Medical College Hospital Professor Chen Youxin
Sohu health: I simply tell you about Professor Chen Youxin. Professor Chen Youxin as deputy director of Beijing Union Medical College Hospital Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch Secretary of the Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmological Society, vice chairman of the Youth Committee of the Chinese Medical Association Eye Doctor Association member and Director-General. focus on a variety of common and difficult diagnosis and treatment of ocular fundus, such as various retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion and other laser and surgical treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, retinal vascular tumor-like hyperplasia diagnosis and treatment of diseases, age-related macular degeneration photodynamic therapy, intraocular tumor and the diagnosis and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. photodynamic therapy carried out in recent years as the choroid the treatment of angiogenesis provides a new treatment, and achieved good results.
age-related macular degeneration will be the main cause of blindness
Sohu health: the beginning of interviews, first give us Professor Chen , what is age-related macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration is called.
Chen Youxin: Thank Sohu health to provide such a platform, on June 6 at the National Eye draws near, more and more people concerned about the eyes, and I personally think that life outside of visual function is in addition to the second most important function of the human body, if a person lives in darkness, not only their own lives can not take care of themselves, but also troublesome to others, the pain is unimaginable, about 80% of our information is through the visual organ, the eye is obtained, if the information society in the loss of vision, loss is so big.
interview subject today as the ;, the subject is very good, has just introduced the presenters, in the 20th century, before the 80's or 80's, in the case of the Chinese economy is relatively backward, some infectious diseases are more like the past, trachoma, with the social and economic development, has now been well controlled. The second is glaucoma and cataract, particularly cataract, until now, cataract remains the major eye diseases in our country, but the treatment of cataract is developing rapidly these years, we call preventable or curable blindness blind, Why? as long as we go to the hospital, there is capacity to pay, the eye lens can be replaced, they can improve the vision of cataract patients is high.
example, the human body eyes like a camera, and now it can change the lens, but the film, which is now no technical replacement of the retina, such as macular degeneration and other retinal diseases, the retina can not be transplanted, the means of treatment is relatively limited, so age-related macular degeneration has become a major cause of blindness, particularly in Europe and the United States. Although our national age-related macular degeneration is not currently a major cause of blindness, but we should take precautions, prevention is critical, good will from now on attention to this disease.
What is age-related macular degeneration? the name suggests, with the age-related, increase in prevalence with age, increasing year by year, there were reports that people over the age of 50 the prevalence may be a few percent to the age of 60, 70, 80 years old, even to the more than ten per cent, three dozen, so called age-related macular degeneration.
Sohu Health: Can you explain the role of macula in the eye it?
Chen Youxin: the center of a retina of the eye called the macular region, why is it called macular area? because the region which contains a lot of lutein, lutein is yellow, making the region a little yellow color, in particular, In the pathological point of view, so called the macula.
macular center about 500 microns in diameter, the body of the most important part of a visual function. macular degeneration is precisely the center or near the macular region of the degenerative diseases, mainly referring to is bleeding, oozing, edema, scars, etc..
patients with macular degeneration will cause physical and psychological health of the dual pressures of
Sohu: In the event of macular degeneration after which the person will have symptoms? what is the harm?
Chen Youxin: age-related macular degeneration or age-related macular degeneration is called the Western main reason of blindness, so the disease can be blinding, the first symptoms, many patients are visual distortion, and suddenly things do not look straight, look at distorted vision. especially as some elderly people like to read, to see just do not see that word, appears in the middle of the shadow of the visual, the shadow with hemorrhage, edema area relationship, if the area is small, the shadow of the scope of a small, if a large range of bleeding, or edema, scar a large range, and ultimately, blindness, so the damage is very great.
Sohu health: blind since the quality of life will be greatly affected.
Chen Youxin: research in this area in a foreign country is very much lagging behind some of our home, it is mainly because our economy was not as developed countries are now more concerned about the cataract, while the age-related macular degeneration is not too much concern, in fact, the disease impact on quality of life is very large.
first, loss of self-care ability, a lot of elderly people learn to drive, but was more than 60 years of age-related macular degeneration, can not drive, and if children can not help him to more difficult, and even the streets are difficult. at home cooking, and even the label on the bottle condiment see clearly, Kit could not see the word, the morning milk may be poured down on the table, because the want to see to the place just can not see. this regard, we have seen. elderly already osteoporosis, easy to wrestling fractures because not clear, wrestling and fracture more easily.
also psychologically, as we met with some intellectuals, a lifetime reading, now suddenly can not read, a strong psychological sense of loss. It is reported that the elderly macular degeneration macular degeneration than those without the prevalence of depression in the elderly increased significantly.
many young people so we can not feel the pain after the elderly sick, feel, eat drink on the line. this regard, I want to appeal to children and grandchildren or the children do, to understand the parents or grandparents visual health, suffering from macular degeneration if they should be given more help, and even psychological help.
age-related macular degeneration urgent attention
Sohu health: an introduction by Professor Chen, we can understand the age related macular degeneration, or damage caused by a very large, you can not talk about the disease incidence in our country now is how like? is not more easy to get older?
Chen Youxin: In our country, Like diabetes in the sixties and seventies of last century had very little, but now very much, and why? and lifestyle have a certain relationship, and now studies with the diet, eat fewer fruits and vegetables on, coupled with no exercise, obesity, etc. , the incidence rate of high.
age-related macular degeneration is not a disease peculiar to the West, the Chinese people will have, we have a very famous study was done in Guangdong, the early 90s is probably age-related macular degeneration 3% -4%, to 1998 to 8% -9%, equivalent to double, so the problem must be brought to pay attention, the same people with the improvement of living standards among the incidence rates increased, and the large population in China , a small percentage, multiplied by China's 1.3 billion population, is an astronomical figure, so the age-related macular degeneration of the hazards and impact on society must not be ignored.
Sohu health: and as our national social gerontology of the increase, the incidence rate will increase.
Chen Youxin: Of course, our standard of living improves, the level of improved medical care, treatment capacity increase, and now the average life expectancy of the population, our country has entered an aging society, the elderly population increased substantially. coupled with the incidence of macular degeneration is improving, and I believe the number of patients with age-related macular degeneration is increasing year by year.
Sohu health: morbidity and growth rate so high, everyone's perception is still relatively low.
Chen Youxin: I wrote an article published in , Why mention this? as mentioned earlier, the age-related macular degeneration great harm to society in Western countries is the primary cause of blindness in Europe, Australia, the United States, which accounts for medical expenses is fairly large proportion of , alarming figures, it must pay close attention.
more than the population of our country, macular degeneration has gradually increased each year, so we must attach great importance to, and now can cure cataracts, age-related macular degeneration but are difficult to resolve, especially to the in late, so the social awareness must be improved. We have a random survey of 50 people in the clinic, even the eye of the nurse can not tell what is macular degeneration, and its risk factors which can well imagine that our society For ordinary people, age-related macular degeneration, awareness is low, you ask him what is cataract, know, what is glaucoma, know something, know what is macular degeneration? do not know, so we called for urgent improvement To step up publicity efforts.
Sohu health: young people are not sick, is not it relatively small?
Chen Youxin: We are formerly known as age-related macular degeneration, was found to have 50 years of age or 45 years of age will suffer disease, but they are not old, so now it is called age-related macular degeneration, and found that younger age of onset of his trends, like hypertension and myocardial infarction, who have over the past six or seven years old, and now four more than ten years old myocardial infarction, and lifestyle have a certain relationship.
But if a teenager, two-year-old macular hemorrhage occurs, we do not usually referred to as age-related macular degeneration, idiopathic choroidal called foreign neovascularization, we Chinese call central exudative chorioretinopathy (referred to as
Sohu health: but the harm caused is the same.
Chen Youxin: visual impact, or even blindness, this is the same, but also from the treatment point of view, there are also many similarities between
smoking high cholesterol is age-related macular degeneration certainly incentive
Sohu health: disease caused by reasons for the growth now what? what people may have these diseases?
Chen Youxin: just you ask the incidence of age-related macular degeneration causes cause of two points.
the one hand, from 05 onwards, the study of foreign genes and age-related macular degeneration relationship, probably two or three genes found in the relatively positive relationship with macular degeneration, so that if you had macular degeneration, your odds of higher prevalence of family members, especially on the 40 years of age, eyes should check a couple of years, this is a good thing. Secondly, the age-related macular degeneration has a relationship with the race, whites than in yellow, high incidence of some of the black race. There are overseas research, more women than men. the gender, race, heredity, we can not change is inevitable factor.
the other hand, found several important risk factors can be changed. First, smoking, relatively fast paced society today, we sometimes in order to ease the pressure to smoke, but if you smoke, macular degeneration, the probability of illness at least twice the size. A second obesity, high cholesterol, which is more positive. These articles can be controlled by lifestyle changes. There, now advocate a balanced diet, not to say that eating fruits and vegetables all day, but also meat eating species To many, more to be able to ensure intake of various nutrients, in particular, eat more vegetables and fruits, as vegetables, fruits, rich in chlorophyll, zeaxanthin, lycopene, vitamin C, etc., such things have antioxidant function. now there is a theory, age-related macular degeneration is caused by over-oxidation of the macular area of chronic cell injury.
so I do not smoke, balanced diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, not too fat, no high cholesterol, Of course, eye protection should also pay attention all day long at the computer screen, or front of relatively strong light, ten hours sitting down must be bad, so open the computer as a lesson, recess should be rest.
brought photodynamic therapy treatment of macular degeneration in the spring
Sohu health: we've talked about early detection and identification of the problem, then probably we are more concerned about is the present performance of age-related macular changes can not be cured, what treatment do now?
Chen Youxin: In the past there is no good treatment, but did not explore the footsteps of the moment to stop, explore the 80s of last century laser treatment, macular degeneration that would otherwise cause blindness, by laser Vision therapy can be maintained to 0.1 or 0.2 or 0.05, better than the blind. That is what the laser greatest harm? laser is a thermal burns, eyebrows and beard grabbed, the normal tissues and vascular leakage and burned, but only this time kinds of ways.
to 90 years there is a contrast, called indocyanine green angiography, the angiography as a blood vessels nourish the center of the macular area is not, we will cut off the roots, to nourish the blood vessel destruction, extermination, no breeding of blood vessels, neovascularization atrophied. But if the blood vessels nourishing the best in the center of the macular area, damage is relatively large.
to the late 90s, there has been TTT, transpupillary thermotherapy is called, the equivalent of physical therapy, macular laser do not use heat, then increase the temperature slightly, 5 to 10 degrees, inspire some Heat shock protein protection, so that the surrounding normal tissue is protected, and neovascularization gradually destroyed, so they further protect normal tissue, making new blood vessels slowly shrink, eliminate leakage edema, which in turn is a major step forward .
then the 2000, I wrote in 2007 an article called Total rate of photodynamic therapy, which is a milestone, which makes our doctors may exceed the restricted area is a restricted area over the past macula, macular disease in the past that only four words, The mess does not make sense.
now appears photodynamic therapy, can selectively destroy abnormal new blood vessels. abnormal vessels like fake blood, and now we can put this fake After the circulation to the eye, and then use a special laser, this laser does not produce any heat, called cold laser, or called non-thermal laser, when this laser and our neovascularization after the contact interaction of photosensitizer molecules produced photochemical effect, making blood vessels closed, the last generation of vascular thrombosis, some of the methods are more expensive, but there is no way better than good, so we have a way to treatment. We often joke, vision loss is priceless, but no matter how much money, long as they can cure the disease, is always a way, so we are very happy, and now the patients after 2000, in which there has been a lucky misfortune is because of photodynamic therapy.
the safety of photodynamic therapy Note
Sohu sex and health: photodynamic therapy for visual acuity is not affected?
Chen Youxin: photodynamic therapy in our hospital have done 7 years, the biggest advantage is safety, it is estimated now to do in the world more than 200 million, enough to prove its safety, in addition to elimination of abnormal blood vessels, stable vision, we do clinical trials found that, in addition to be able to maintain stable vision for most patients, there are about 30% of patients will improve visual acuity . This method is safe, no toxic side effects, is a good way.
Sohu health: just talked about some of macular degeneration, new blood vessels out, which is what?
Chen Youxin: abnormal blood vessels is a fake shop is harmful to beneficial.
Sohu health: effect of early treatment is better?
Chen Youxin: or repetition of the phrase, see a doctor to take the early, so we must first have awareness of macular degeneration, the elderly can easily too. Second, the periodic inspections. Third, that to treat the disease early.
I just said that the treatment of the development process, both large and medium cities across the country photodynamic therapy for macular degeneration include high myopia caused in permeability caused by various causes, like disease similar to macular degeneration, can be treated through this therapy to really reduce the swelling proved to be stable, to protect our eyesight.
Sohu health: patients need after treatment Note what?
Chen Youxin: photodynamic therapy is that, less than 20 minutes the entire treatment process, treatment should be prepared the day of sunglasses, long-sleeved clothes, the best hats, gloves, because the photosensitizer to light to decomposition, in particular, a large sun in summer, when sunlight to prevent the occurrence of interaction with the photosensitizer, the skin burns. generally faster down the mountain when the sun do better treatment, done after 48 hours to avoid glare.
Sohu Health : no problem lighting up?
Chen Youxin: general home lighting, incandescent or fluorescent lamps are still possible, but I suggest try a little dark, lamp is better, anyway, two days after a 48 hours to recover. < br> choice of treatment must be clear before Sohu health condition
: Speaking of the treatment of diseases, there are a number of breakthroughs and progress, and also made a relatively good effect, for the treatment of macular degeneration, now what are the problems, there is no it? example, we have emphasized disease, standard treatment.
Chen Youxin: I have to say is relatively simple, although we now have new treatments, but there are some differences between different doctor may get different results, why ? most important indications of the master, more professional and sophisticated macular degeneration, we want to know, I have some articles on the website, we can see.
first diagnosis of clear, clear your disease is age-related macular degeneration, or retinopathy, or retinal vascular proliferation, this must be determined before treatment, and try to figure out is late or early, and macular degeneration have the dry and wet points. the so-called dry macular degeneration, is the fundus also No new blood vessels, no bleeding, edema and scar formation, but there are some yellow macular dot calm things. but dry macular degeneration can develop into the wet. the so-called wet macular area is already bleeding, oozing, edema, or scar formation, and took part in the early wet just bleeding, and has been completely scarred, and not, like, so be sure to clear diagnosis before treatment.
Sohu health: So we have to choose hospital, clinic doctors when the need for more attention to some.
Chen Youxin: In any kind of treatment before the disease really want to find out the other, as the patient must also ask, do not blindly treatment because improper treatment may increase the injury. Now network is very developed, such as Sohu search for anything on a search to, what is age-related macular degeneration, I would like is some of the network. Also where can be treated and how treatment should be clear. So before treatment do some homework is good, do not believe one of the words, in some places called a cure macular degeneration is certainly not credible.
Sohu health: you can go to Professor Chen's personal web site have a look. Here we look at the problems some users it.
Professor Chen Youxin questions for on-site users
User: mother has macular degeneration two years ago, when I had a photodynamic therapy, good results, the disease does not develop, I feel very good, there is no second treatments, but the vision began to decline last year, is a decline in the future to do, or how to?
Chen Youxin: This is a very big problem, is a philosophical proposition, because people now have no control over the aging , the age-related macular degeneration is a disease in the aging process, and age-related, so do not have a way to completely cure, the treatment approach we are not a cure or a treatment table, so there may exist a treatment secondary treatment, three treatment, in a foreign country to do three times the average first year, twice a second year, third year to do it again, but the biggest advantage is that the treatment abroad can be covered by medical insurance. so do not expect everything will be fine once the treatment, which is not correct, we must constantly review, because there may be the first treatment.
friends: a few years ago my mother felt a shadow front sway, the check is cataract, but because of macular degeneration, is not it inoperable?
Chen Youxin: macular degeneration, if it is to late, do nothing approach, but still should be the treatment of cataract, and why? as macular degeneration, central vision loss is mainly done after treatment of cataracts may be slightly better peripheral vision, so I do cataract patients the time if I gave him, slightly improved visual acuity is a good thing.
User: My mother had macular degeneration for three years, first the left eye, right eye and macular degeneration are serious this year, a sharp decline in visual acuity, according to Beijing every spring, have opened a Chinese medicine hospital taking little or no effect, I ask you to carry out photodynamic surgery?
Chen Youxin: First the first point, to be confirmed, some basic hospital because of equipment limitations, with little experience, may be misdiagnosed. it is proposed to go to large hospitals is not confirmed macular degeneration, to find out is dry, or wet the; second, macular degeneration does have a tendency to eyes, eyes can be a front and rear, left eye right eye had also entirely possible to be, just could not take Chinese medicine, especially at the less experienced Chinese medicine, or some other method should be adopted.
friends: I am a high degree of myopia, 500 eyes about some of the recent decline in sensory acuity, and sometimes feel the shadows, do not know if there is no serious problem, this is not need to go to hospital?
Chen Youxin: high myopia, we generally considered to be above 600 degrees is called myopia, high myopia of 500 degrees is not known, but 500 degrees is quite high Even four or five people Baidu myopia can sometimes get sick. So if there are shadows in front of the eye fluttering, it may be vitreous opacity, I suggest go to the hospital regularly look up eyes, look around the retina, there is no degeneration area even some patients with cleft, so patients with high myopia, periodic look up eyes.
Professor Chen Youxin recommendations for users their visits time
Moderator: Time is almost up, Professor Chen Youxin conclude our friends some suggestions, tell us about their visits another time.
Chen Youxin: either the patients themselves or relatives of patients or healthy subjects of interest, we must raise awareness of age-related macular degeneration, the disease is more common, so the state must pay close attention, especially at home have relatively large age of the parents, or grandparents aged relatively large, they often want to look up the eyes, hope that early detection, especially over 60 years, the incidence rate may high, it is necessary to raise awareness.
Second, if it is found they have a visual distortion or a front of a shadow, often alternating left and right eye closed, take a look and found that when these symptoms as soon as possible to the relatively large, qualified the hospital for examination, and sometimes not only ophthalmoscopy, but also have the inspection equipment to early detection.
found to be dry if the age-related macular degeneration, our advice is to eat more vegetables, fruits, go out Great to wear dark glasses sun, quit smoking, eat greasy food, maintain proper weight, but also added lutein, which is large-scale tests proved that the United States, if you added lutein, trace elements, vitamins, can a considerable number of people not to late development. for wet macular degeneration in elderly, to go to the hospital to take some formal method of modern technology, formal examination and treatment, such as photodynamic therapy. In addition, you can combine a number of anti-angiogenesis drugs, injection into the vitreous cavity, now more respected combination therapy, so a multi-pronged, often a treatment is not enough, various methods have their own advantages and disadvantages and complement each other, so that the best results .
Here I would like to stress that many elderly people their mobility, only to be filial sons and daughters of the heart, their information is not well-informed, do not know the disease can rule. Today, I tell you, can cure this disease, so Be sure to tell your family, and some people think that age-related macular degeneration can not rule, anyway, have been older, do not read, this is utterly wrong, the elderly but also the quality of life, can not see is very painful, life quality greatly reduced. macular degeneration will be able to treat, as long as the various methods with properly, can keep your vision steady, and this is confidence.
I work at the Beijing Union Medical College Hospital Department of Ophthalmology, every Monday, two, three out of the morning in Beijing Union Medical College Hospital out-patient, we can come to me at this time. In addition we can contact through my personal web page I, www.chenyouxin.haodf.com and chenyouxin010.blog.sohu.com, can leave a message mentioning some problems, as long as I have the time, basically every night, and sometimes even abroad can be answered.
Sohu Health: This concludes today's interview, thank you very much the concern of friends, and Professor Chen Youxin the visit, If you have any specific questions, one can log on Professor Chen Youxin personal website to ask questions, Sohu is also Professor Chen's blog, In addition, you can go look for Professor Chen Beijing Union Medical College Hospital. Thank you!

33hhhh, so the next morning!

 I just want to use the narration of a story point of view, when I met you, the world to me, are not the same.
1, Since I met you, 33hhhh, so the next morning!
Understanding Su dyed white the year, I wore plaid shorts and unkempt hair, comb the little girl. uninhibited character like a wild colt, but worldly anxiety.
seem to recall the special warmth of the sun that day, is suitable for sleeping good day. I see the guy but was Angela. More precisely, it is to see a crush on her from elementary school to the people. Su-stained group of people standing in the middle of the white, naked to the waist, revealing a beautiful belly muscle. khaki pants, smoking a cigarette paper.
He smoked a very special position, with the thumb and index finger clip smoke. brown eyes Ren thin lips, hair in the sun glowing yellow under the mapping, Tingting The bridge of the nose and the skin was white, all as perfect as the Roman statue of angular. He stood there quiet, quiet smoking his cigarette, do not smile or talk as if everything in this earthly and his nothing to do. But is such a person indifferent, attracting the sun all day.
dinner, he sat next to me. I can clearly smell the taste of nicotine in his body and a touch of cologne. He voice sound good, the typical southern boy sounds a little roll of the tongue. In this atmosphere of subtle, I felt a bit stifled the brain. shy and flushed.
? the. and then later were, he wrote to his contact in my hand, saying, years.
2, as long as together, 33hhhh, so the next morning!
I do not know whether the world really exist at first sight, I only know, from that side on, I fell in love with this genteel boy. But I ultimately find the courage to dial the phone number of Su dyed white. with a little bit inferior. so handsome boy so outstanding, I have long forgotten about, right?
goodbye to the Soviet Union in the Angel dyed white birthday party, he is still the same, regardless of where to go to attract the attention of girls. But he was a bit thinner than before. In this gathering, I have always been not the main character, I like quiet. to the Angel party also said that simply because the Soviet Union will come dyed white. I want to see him, this is the only reason.
noisy and bustling KTV, I sat in the corner quietly sipped red wine, quietly looked at me and laugh in front of the people in the past, the focus of the Soviet Union quietly watching the white dye.
Su dyed white suddenly came up to me. He drank a lot of wine, asked me: me? Where, when he took my hand, put one hand on my shoulder ring, pulling the center I went to party with everyone, said: I dyed white girlfriend Sue, Come, I will respect your cups! a hint of surprise and disdain. but they do not understand. even if it is white and I dyed the Soviet Union a joke, I am willing to take. because no one knows how long I secretly like him, but no one knows. I really want to be with him.
3, even if it is replaced, 33hhhh, so the next morning!
Su dyed white with me, when is the time when he was feeling the most vulnerable. was his first girlfriend had just told break up. I do not know should thank God for giving me this opportunity, or complain about it again many years later, why are you giving me this opportunity.
later learned that the Soviet Union in the dye inside the white 12 well-known punks young, the old ranking Third, the popular good. but I can still feel that he does not like this kind of life, his brown eyes renli, occasionally disturbed by passing the child-like.
fact, I know, I'm just his feelings alternatives. but I still bet on all of my feelings. I am not a brave boy, but I do not like regret, love he is my one thing. I think I love continue to be strong, even after the loss of capacity to love.
he brought his friends I met. In fact, together with the Su-dyed white, I am humbled. Every time the 12 girls in the butterfly-like flying in front of the time, and my heart will not conscious of the slight pain. in front of them, I was a good learning, every day, every day English words little girl back.
Su dyed white is always cool, do not love his speech, when I called him white When will shy laugh, like the sun. listen to his friends say, the Soviet Union like the kind of dyed hair fluttering white girl, so I started to build from my hair. have begun to mature a little bit of change, beginning of a wide range of makeup, wearing a variety of clothing, with a variety of occasions and he attended the party.
heard that the Soviet Union used to be dyed white girls rarely come out to play with, maybe he is He wanted his girlfriend to see how well it was always like a shadow.
In fact, the white, so good. if only alternative, be by your side, I still feel happy.
4, I would like for you, 33hhhh, so the next morning!
Aberdeen girlfriend as a mix, we must first know himself, but also can make it from the field and hit from the field. I know I told a lot of people looked Su dyed white feelings. But I think we will be happy, really.
in the head when a provocation to Pinjiu time, regardless of how we stop, dyed white or should the Soviet Union.
I told him sputtered, the Soviet Union has been dyed white stomach is not good, how much to eat eat, how can you drink it?
I advance to the 1 in the Li Mu Yang a telephone call, to set time for an hour in advance. When Su dyed white them, I was almost drunk with Li Mu Yang. Li Mu Yang told me that Hsu Meng-6, was a model worthy of you. not only learn better, and even his girlfriend is doing such a model, but unfortunately I do not have such a good girl you are. If you have trouble later, the Soviet Union dyed white does not help you, you told me.
I took Sue's hand dyed white, smile, say thank you. finished on the legs and feet weak, and then not hold.
they sent me to the hospital when I was still conscious, I could feel the tears dripping Su dyed white on my face. He told me to hold I'm sorry. I feel good distressed, I would like to help him wipe tears, but was unable to raise the arm.
doctor said that bleeding requiring hospitalization. injection, when the Soviet Union dyed white keep at my bedside. Doctors blame He said: There are so severe stomach girlfriend, how to also let her drink so much alcohol? want to live, ah! he said with a smile: He bowed his head, cut the hands of the apple. I said: Su dyed white very gentle, very good care of me, I no longer subject to any bullying. He'll see me her hair, my hair can also be fluttering, and it is like my feelings for him, more and more.
white white, Because I love you. So I wish you all the pain, all loaded into my body.
5, she came back, 33hhhh, so the next morning!
I year together with the Soviet Union, when dyed white, his former girlfriend back. She came to me at that time I was doing a lot of school self-study room papers.
she leaned against the door barefoot and shout, Hsu Meng-Which is, come out, OK?
I got up, her eyes looked at me up and down. She went ahead sitting on the bench, tilt legs, said: I froze a moment, I said: heard of me? ! irony. I looked at her, which was once a favorite Soviet dyed white woman, maybe now, maybe. She continued: he take care of me! Oh. now I'm back, is you put him back to my time? Well, we dyed white so a man of honor, even if I leave him to find a replacement now that he can not be too bad, right! , baby.
compared with her, I only wear jeans just a wild girl. I understand, there will be more deeply she hurt white. I am a bit sorry for her, she should go directly to transfected Su white son. he should still love her.
neither overbearing nor I told her: . Also, If you love to do again and again, make good with him, not to betray. tell the truth I look down. Now, I put him back to you, not to hurt him. I wish you happiness. she picked up the paper directly gone. I do not want to burst into tears in front of her, so I will look down on themselves.
in this relationship, I like is the third, I lost my son. So I'm really gone, disappeared in the Soviet Union dyed white line of sight. altogether may make themselves a bit surprised.
6, filled with love your diary, 33hhhh, so the next morning!
after returning from vacation I myself Cangzaijiali. because no matter where I will think with him through the scene. long time no news of him, he should have forgotten me? he and she should have lived happily ever after, right, Lang wood female appearance, is really the perfect couple of people very happy hh I kept thinking, all too happy tears. out of the window to float snow, and there were numerous, and wizard-like. suddenly wanted to go downstairs and walk, a breath of fresh air.
unit in the door I got out of the moment, I see that familiar figure. I was stunned. this is true? Yes I miss producing the illusion of it? to that figure arbitrarily hold me in my arms, I smell the familiar atmosphere, good warm. Really, at this moment that if the whole world to change, I would not leave.
quietly left? phone also can not get through, your family dead people, you know I worry ah! love her, right? tone, I said: say you, good alone, times were hard, long forgotten, how to find happiness. too much baggage, even more helpless, in the absence of music when a person wanted to dance hh br> Su-stained white sitting on the bed, I handed him a glass of warm milk. he sat down across a long silence. useful? he asked. I froze a moment, he added: comes back to you, you will be very happy. I hope you can be more happy and have a good life. that I will be very happy. I tried to you as ordinary friends, but I did not do it. affects the mouth is difficult.
times you fight, I will be very worried. afraid you will not be an accident, worried that you would never leave me, you know I do not like that kind of life. I just want you safe every day as normal as peers, learning fun. to achieve the dream of those related to youth. you know? I'm sorry. I really do not know that. I'm sorry. let me think about. until my departure. Every time when I fight the fear that he, every time I saw him with another girl when I put a joke ambiguous tears, every time I mature, my transformation.
7, that it really separated 33hhhh, so the next morning!
diary was taken away on the third day. Su-stained white came to me and he said to me solemnly: No matter how you have been there for me, never betray. you made me understand many things. From now on I take care of you, do not leave me. We start again. , transferred to the school. flowers to our high school Jie Du, and those friends are no longer exposed, cut off all contact with them. We lead the kind of quiet, stable life, very happy.
our last tutorial, sit together to read, study. listening to a MP4, his left ear, my right ear. He can not make problems, I would call him stupid, hit his head. test is good, would reward him to eat chocolate, allowing He secretly smoke a cigarette.
occasional curious little girl ran across the campus will ask you 2 of the legendary Soviet dyed white? Sue waved dyed white is always good to smile, not a Su dyed white II do not, I was six in the. put serious. and then when people walk past laughing.
holidays will borrow the disc, the two people sitting on the floor, eating popcorn, watching a foreign movie soundtrack. laughs listening exercise. Su-dyed white too much homework bad, and good smart with hard. catch middle grades.
I like him holding my hand shopping, in the no one knows where we are, enjoying the kind of quiet. occasionally I needed to blow off Johnson, playing shamelessly what, he chased me like a child slapstick, stupid girl told me that I am pig, I went to see the threat psychiatry. That is our happiest time. do not want anything. really, more than imagine, there he has me, so over a lifetime, then how happy that ah!
the eyes of others, we are very enviable couple. the kind of understanding will be able to understand a look. He always teased me: with time is not short, as we two did not see? Yo, my wife longer really a good idea! ha ha, my wife with me ah look! , walking with his hands pocket, back shoulder Nike bag. He speaks, my dear girlfriend, you see how much I like a prince. she spoke he laughed himself, and that smile, clear water.
that Su dyed white, from the day I met you play. you've always been my prince. we say, and will not be separated.
8, if they lose you, 33hhhh, so the next morning!
is sometimes too happy, God envied it? Otherwise why did he take from me what I dyed white?
days in April, always gray, the same people the dim mood . That morning, overcast rain, light rain, the next stop. white is no time to take me to school. his cell phone off, not how to fight through. I suddenly began to palpitate, uneasy.
shrill police whistle Ming, as if to pierce my eardrums, from the roaring downstairs. I pray with folded hands again, came to the hospital can not remember how, only know that they let me see him one last time, my mind suddenly went blank. body seems to be no support for me to stand up to power. But I have to, I want to home with my dyed white. He must be OK.
hospital corridor, the Soviet Union dyed white brothers stand full. saw me coming and opt to bow, went to the front. I did not say anything, just shook his head, gently push to open them. Why? why! why we hide where they are unwilling to let go? Why do we just want a quiet life they would not to?!
I do not believe, so I dyed white to leave me. I can not believe in the morning so the warmth of his lips also be printed on my forehead, a blink of an eye, he is not in my side.
my last look at his glance, he was lying on white sheets, so quiet. like the first time I see him is so perfect, but eyes closed. I saw under his eyelids , a drop of crystal beads of ice. It was cold on the tears, I think he is not willing to leave me too? Once again, I kissed his bloodless lips, lips that good ice, good ice, has been ice to the bottom of my heart. I have repeatedly told myself not cry, not allowed to cry, be sure to leave the most perfect smile to be with the white. Do not worry, white, and I will take good care of your mom and dad. out of the morgue, when I could no longer hold my tears, and tears to flow indiscriminately, I know he never come back to me wiping tears.
they told me, go too fast, leaving no one words. his friend gave me a charming little box, is the Soviet Union bought me a stained white ring. his accident is the second anniversary of the day, he intended to surprise me, they told me slowly. < br> They said: very calm and happy life. But at that time really played almost everywhere, certainly was an accident. We are really really no other way to find it dyed white. We are so happy to see you both are happy to follow, no one wanted to damage. hh I'm sorry I'm sorry. find a stable place, study hard, or work, a good living. This is what I want with dyed white to see. tell you is that not guilty, and perhaps this is your fate! I can not cry out, a huge pain in my heart I can not breathe, even the words are floating.
is not an ordinary person can withstand the pain got. This was his thought. Su dyed white to take away the diary, I turned up from scratch, from acquaintance to the last one is a dyed hh white writing.
previously did not feel like. until you leave I know how important you are to me. I thought I loved her, but lost you, I do not know how happy to get up. no soup for me to drink, fierce that no one I care about my body, and no one at me giggle. I know, I really can not do without you. After reading this diary, I know how much you wronged. I also understand that I have for you has brought much harm. But I have never betray you. I think a fresh start, many times, but failed. until you see your journal, I realized what I want to cherish.
Butterfly Dream, do not worry, I would really love you a lifetime. I'll keep this diary up, after we're old, you can then look at our love story.
I never told you I love you too, because I think all the words in action will become pale in front of the.
But I still want you to know, baby, I love you!
your little vain like a joke, a bit cruel joke. on God! Why do you tease me?
10, the next morning, 33hhhh, so the next morning!
I Chuaizhuo Su dyed white photos, to the ocean the other side. Most unfortunately, we were together three years, there is not even a photo. I had waist long hair cut short, I build a three-year long hair, feeling like a store for three years, broken the. that the diary, along with him to ashes. I think Sue will want to take it dyed white, the love of my life, also went with him.
in this strange place, standing strange the streets, but always feel a little familiar. I play a lot of copies of work, send money to his parents to let them know they are not alone.
Sometimes I open the computer, watching the QQ, that number, only dyed white a man, his head has always been gray. But one day, that picture is really bright, I think it was he wanted me, I said, I am afraid of the dark.
strange country, strange language, do a lot of copies of beneficial work, not to be retired and sit. to help those in need of help.
I can often think of him speaking in my ear.
butterfly dream girl, I had this channel After the question can not give you a kiss?
Miss Xu, and if I progress in a test, you invited me to eat ice cream Okay, I want more than cute.
Xu girl, if I go to college, we okay to get married, I'm afraid you ran.
time goes by, memories are beginning to blur. I suddenly thought, dyed white, you really existed? or just a dream I am a person to do it?
chance encounter at the Association of Li Mu foreign party. thin broken pieces to tell the recent past, the exchange of MSN. He said Xu butterfly dream, I remember when we drink the way. when we are still Young.
We often sunny afternoon, sitting in front of the computer their own, remembering the past. talked about common acquaintances, laugh a while, feeling a while.
Then one day he suddenly say. Xu Meng- In fact, you should learn to have hope. so the next morning, and maybe that is sunny.
to sing that song like this:
blocked by rolling back the hearts of crying / Some stories do not have to say to everyone / many shallow eyes, too close to see / saw that I had not been missed his / overloaded with simple words unlock the heart / Some emotions are said to understand that people listen to / your tears excited than I pity / I vowed to work harder He even have the courage to speak hh
, Xu butterfly dream, I should formally introduce myself to you. My name is Li Mu Yang, from China. I learned economics, Xu butterfly dream, let us know about it again. go wait for the next morning.
Wei Yan Wei language
October under the North has begun to snow. October, did not turned the corner, and have actually not very happy. to write this story for many reasons. I think when the young We must have had a time like that, rebellious, militant, a clique. Maybe you are now is so dear. I can not speak so well, or not. But my dear gentlemen, I want to you say. how fragile life is, when the newspapers trumpeted the event of death due to fighting, when, who concern over their families, their loved ones. cried when I saw his lover's face, I am so sad .
Dear gentlemen, I want to tell you, youth is a bright, positive, is the sun.
Dear gentlemen, I want to tell you, in such a day, not decadent, We can rebel, to urge, but have a sense of proportion.
dear, how much I want to see, than I am of you, to study hard for their dream. just like their brothers and sisters, that The most ardent hopes.
Dear gentlemen, I want to tell you, I've had that rebellious time. I know how hard it is to go back. So, dear gentlemen, that you should cherish the time. cherish your teenage youth.
November, back ten six words a day, every day reading an essay to your beloved one to listen to every day to write some text. to treat everyone around, and relatives , friends, love. be a good person. If you let other people feel happy, you will find that you are being followed up. really. really. all is well .33 hhhh, so the next morning! - - 33hhhh, so the next morning! - -
33hhhh, so the next morning! - -

Harold snow ice cream cost a small initial fee to start a large Kun Qian

 Than -4 ℃, more than -10 ℃,
you know how much ice cream the most cattle degree do?
Harold snow ice cream with 100 ℃ skewers charcoal burning food!
Harold 200 ℃ snow skewers hot with ice cream eating fried!
Harold Snow Yakitori 300 ℃ in the oven with ice cream, roasted!
know How to Make Steel it? ice cream also can be Make: Crossing turned out, passionate interpretation of   magic!
business ups and downs and unpredictable, what to do, what to eternity?
fierce competition, hard to find opportunities, how to? where to go? entrepreneurs and what to do out of choice?
skewers, ice cream, the theories of Harold Snow, the success of your business s trilogy: the election of the people on the line + + to do with what
new industry category for men, crossing the face of business, what to do next about the direction of choice?
skewers, ice cream, snow guiding Harold: Do not you see food
large city, thousands of wealthy businessmen are starting from the restaurant, not the Chaliao wine shop has been through the centuries. authoritative department survey data show: More than 70% of investors would choose food as their preferred investment. In 2008, the catering industry retail sales of 560.49 billion yuan, an increase of 24.7%; in 2009, the National Food industry to maintain 18% average annual growth rate of retail sales to reach at least 700 billion! 2010! 2011!! 2012!!!
business is not difficult to choose to join the food line is the key to mm!
each novice need to have a good mentor, business is also true, choose the brand they are not lose at the starting line!
Yakitori snow ice cream Harold Weapon: delicious food with stress
only a necessary condition for food and dare to break through Innovation is the real key to attracting the public eye diners. Gourmet Harold Snow, the emphasis on quality of life and food habits of the people out searching, it is definitely a fatal temptation!
miracle of creative cuisine + = market invincible hand
Harold snow ice cream that skewers: To low-risk, fast to be successful, we must do things I have no life, people have my excellent.
5 分钟 do? burning a cigarette, singing songs, made for a Xiaodai? Food 5 minutes of snow Harold bring you a taste for big red off, and good taste of it all and enjoy the wonders of food, from a second start:
Yakitori Harold snow ice cream Rights and polite and the way the snow
You eat ice cream, tasted the Haagen Dazs ice cream, but you tried steaming 300.C ice cream do?
you are eating pizza in Italy, tasted the United States pizza, ice cream, Harold joined the snow, snow ice cream franchise Harold, Harold snow ice cream franchise fee, but you tried 66 layers Malay style barbecue pizza you?
Harold snow ice cream business opportunities skewers: Small stalls have Big secret, small cost you can start big

Champions League England Premier League team to continue to perform all of the first league qualifying

 All the England team the Champions League qualifying, first round odds 1.20
end, Bet365 company to 1 / 2 to provide betting odds, to fight Chelsea Champions League, Manchester United, Liverpool and Arsenal will play respectively, from their qualifying group advance.
Bet365 spokesman Steve. Vries said, In the weeks to win the game made us all stunned. surprised. br> will be whether the 4.33
1.20
bet365 company Click here to view the latest Champions League odds.
(Chelsea, Manchester United, Liverpool, Arsenal)
whether the five English teams could qualify for support?
is whether the 1.36
3.00
bet365 company Click here to view the latest Champions League odds.
(Chelsea, Manchester United, Liverpool, Arsenal and Rangers are cut elimination)
England team swept the top four 67.00
Source:
Swedish super: Mamo home the value of the transferee holding
09/22 01:00 1.85 Mamo transferee tie / hemisphere Elfsborg 2.00 Recommendation: Mamo Mamo
successfully defeated the league is not playing the state Zuojiadunsi, ushered in the victory, and very out of the cycle of 3 games. Elfsborg consecutive league very recently, the game Elfsborg in the case of guests to the ball, that is difficult to win. the game Mamo sits at home, is not difficult to keep the team undefeated , even defeated opponents may be.
Swedish super: Ao Jidi away weak
09/22 01:00 1.975 AIK club Rangyi Qiu / Qiuban Aoji Di 1.875 Recommendation: AIK club
AIK club the recent very successful, in addition to the recent 6 games 4 wins, 2 to obtain the results, the Swedish Cup as the next round, the morale is good. Aoji Di Although the recent performance of better than before, but the helpless poor results this season, guests, and offensive capability is not very good, want to be harvested under a guest, rather difficult, or optimistic about the home team AIK club.
Norwegian super: History of home Nansheng
09/22 01:00 2.05 History up to tie / hemisphere Virgin 1.80 Recommendation: Virgin
two most recent state is not good, the history of the last 3 games have achieved a level 2 only negative results, the Viking army off only 2 1 loss results. the results are not good teams, but two of the most recent battle is evenly divided, and which team did not take too much advantage. I believe the game would be a Menzhan, so passenger and military transferee Virgin worthy of pursuit.

Charming and beautiful tropical scenery - Thailand Travel

 That year, when the SARS epidemic, happened to South Asia Travel Company, the intention is to go to Singapore and Malaysia, but unfortunately there has been a very serious SARS, the local is not in the reception of tourists, so we changed to go Thailand. the company allowed the families, so we went to Thailand on a trip playing straightforward, in addition to the international airport in Bangkok, Thailand, when the exit, we all have to wear a mask, everyone is a little bit of terror outside the medical examination, into the customs Tourism in Thailand after the trip, still very happy, very beautiful, very romantic and happy.
Thailand charming and beautiful tropical scenery, extensive Buddhist culture, unique folk customs, the Thai renowned overseas, but also attract We have to come in that special period of the main reasons for tourism.
Thailand history of ancient civilizations, the land of the beautiful and rich, with 30, OOO more than a dozen ancient temple filled with mythical and golden palace. Thai Buddhist temple magnificent appearance, exquisite architectural transcendence, enjoy the , is Thailand's national treasures, the essence of Thai culture. Thailand 90% of the population believe in Buddhism, folk arts, is Southeast Asia's premier tourist destination.
in central Thailand in Asia Indochina to the southeast, the Gulf of Thailand southwest near Anda Sea. adjacent to the northwest and Burma, and Malaysia transfer of southwest, northeast adjacent to Laos, southeast border with Cambodia, with a total area of 513,115 square kilometers and a population of 60,400,000 people, Thailand is the main tribe, living the Chinese, Burmese, Malays , Indian, Lao and other multi-ethnic country. the country, with 73 governments, 675 counties, the cities of Chiang Mai, Ko Lak, Hat Yai, and the capital Bangkok. according to geographical features, Thailand, the country can be divided into northern Thailand, Thailand, the Thai northeastern and southern Thailand four regions.
heavily forested mountain areas of Thailand, unusual flowers around the trees, the habitat of many rare birds and animals. Thai government some natural forest division as a natural reserve, and the provision of for the forest park. forest, fresh air, good bath in the forest. There are four seasons in the spring, there are waterfalls, lakes and the variety of animals, attracting groups of tourists come here especially.
major tourist cities in Thailand ; Golden Triangle, beautiful new supreme court, the thrills of the crocodile, ethnic culture, folk customs of the East Village and the Rose Garden Pattaya, Dan's unique landscape of sand and more water tender market, the Erawan Shrine and so mysterious.

The easiest way to teach you how to distinguish refurbished TV

 As society continues to progress, more and more consumers choose to purchase their favorite products online. In recent years begun to buy home appliances online has become a new trend. Although online shopping is convenient, but there there are many disadvantages. I recently found someone on the Internet, when online shopping television, even to buy a refurbished TV, which is especially people angry.

order to enable users who buy a refurbished TV to avoid future, I pay you the next five points to identify the ways old and new TV, do not miss.

1, look at the packaging of goods. New goods packaging intact, clean, such as opening the plastic tray inside after bagging should be unsealed to the touch is not intact, there is no dust. Certainly not the old packaging so perfect.

2, watch TV housing. Case of new aircraft should be a bit of dazzling light can be reflected in the little bit of gloss to, wipe gently with your finger after the finger should not look the slightest bit of dust. Shell of the old machine does not appear to be very rigid and shiny, and the case is certain stained dust. Some people deliberately dust cloth to wipe the cabinet clean, but dust in some places he is indelible, such as holding a screw hole, heat the dust Gerry.

3, look at the TV screen. The new machine's screen is bright as a mirror, and the above is unable to find any scratches, and even should not have dust. The old machine might have a scratch and finger prints left behind after.

4, watch the TV power cord. A new power cord plug is not plug trace metal, and used many times the TV, plug it on a piece of metal come into contact with the general will leave traces of plug.

5, to see the image. New TV's image is very clear, very bright vivid colors, adjust brightness, contrast is very clear, black and white image is very clear, that when playing black and white image, black and white is white, should not be doping should not have any color. The brightness of the lack of the old machine, and the color is not real rigid, adjust the brightness, the range was significantly reduced, there are other variegated black and white images. This difference is not a refurbished machine is also an important way.

believe that the above description, you must purchase the prototype has a correct understanding and mastery of a certain a certain method of operation. I hope you can get satisfactory products.

Lakes merge into the formal implementation stage today

 Salt Lake Potash (000,792) and the Salt Lake Group (000578) today announced the same time, on November 14 to 18, began to accept the and the dissenting shareholder cash option

According to the announcement, this February 18, reporting period is not suspended, the two companies since the declaration of the end times the stock of a trading day, the 21 February 2011 began the Special suspended until the conversion is completed merger implementation, potassium salt will be absorbed from the conversion merger Add tradable shares to resume trading day.

Do panic! The main force is still diving? Stuck with the stock is likely to have saved! March the stock market changes are likely to occur? Tug of war behind the hidden financial trends!
Is worth noting that since the Salt Lake Group 21 February 2011 began a continuous suspension until the completion of termination of listing procedures, so Feb. 18 will be the last trading day of the Salt Lake Group, the company shares from 21 listed the date of termination.

objection Salt Lake Potash Claim exercise share purchase price of 51.46 yuan / share, the exercise of the right of objection to the request the acquisition of shares equivalent to 51.46 yuan investors / stock price to sell shares and receive cash consideration. If investors buy shares in the exercise of dissent claims, the line will no longer hold the right to declare the relevant shares of Salt Lake Potash.

as of February 11, Salt Lake Potash's closing price of 59.02 yuan, compared with the right of objection to the request the acquisition of shares exercise price of 51.46 yuan / share high 14.69%. In this regard, Salt Lake Potash said, compared with the current share price, as investors buy shares in the exercise of objection to claim, it may cause a loss, and because the line no longer holds the right to declare Salt Lake Potash underlying shares, if the surviving company after the merger future stock prices, investors also face the loss of profit opportunities of rising stock prices.

and this corresponds to the Salt Lake Group's cash option exercise price of 25.26 yuan / share, the same right to exercise the cash option is equivalent to 25.26 yuan investors / stock price to sell shares of the Company and received cash consideration. If investors exercise the cash option, the line will no longer hold the right to declare the relevant shares in the Salt Lake Group.

compared to February 11 Salt Lake Group's closing price 24.86 yuan / share, lower than the exercise price of just 1.58%, almost the same price though, but the merger under the convertible program, exercise the cash option The investors will not have access to the share merger reform the country voted in Qinghai Province, China of shares, Xing Yun commitment letter sent to recover access to 0.20715624 per share, sending shares of stock to recover.

Shaoguan historical and cultural resources and tourism development (II)

 Second, the Shaoguan area historical and cultural resources and tourism development
1. Shaoguan historical and cultural overview of
Wong Chi Fai
(Shaoguan Shaoguan 512005)
Abstract: Nanling mountain located in the middle of the southern slope of Shaoguan City, Qujiang County originally, the whole territory surrounded by the Qujiang County. Mannan first year of the Three Kingdoms, the built in Qujiang County Intermediate Administrative Region, leading Qujiang (including this Qujiang, sourced, Renhua, Lechang), Guiyang (including this with the state, even the South, Hill), Siheung (including this Nanxiong), with Kuang (including this British West and Yangshan), Zhen Yang (including this Ying Tung and Wengyuan), in places (now Qingyuan) 6 counties. first name Shixing County, later renamed the Kwong Hing County, East Hampshire, Shaozhou or barbarian state, county, state, Gunji with in a manner that is Wuling early economic and political center of the region. From Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty built the county, due to the war or flood, many times Qujiang County and Wushan Mountain in Jiangxi lotus shore movement back and forth. until the Five Dynasties Later Liang drying (911,912 years), the government formally moved Nakasu (commonly known as the island) to As of today. Anti-Japanese War, the war in Shaoguan in Guangdong Province capital, the gradual transformation of the city for the modern city. In 32 years (1943) Nov. 1, formally established in Shaoguan City.
paper at times has to Preface, Introduction to Shaoguan in ancient, medieval, early modern and national culture, revolutionary culture, sites, sites, celebrity anecdotes, based on an overview of Yu Jing, Abas Lane, Ricci, Shaoguan, Liu Yan with the history, description of mining, research and development of these historical and cultural resources, for the rich tourism resources in Shaoguan, Shaoguan enhance scenic areas of cultural taste, has important economic and social values.
Keywords: Shaoguan; history and culture; tourism
2. Shaoguan historical and cultural resources and tourism development
TOWNS
(Institute of Geography and Planning, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275) < br> Summary: First, Shaoguan is a north-south transportation hub, Sanshui intersection of the north, central China, south to Guangzhou. Lingnan contested use of troops; regional development front, the Han Tang Lingnan advanced regions.
Second, the historical and cultural features of Shaoguan
1, aboriginal culture mainstream though .2, .3 multicultural, advanced culture and the lag cultures coexist.
Third, history and culture typical
1, Neolithic culture (Maba people) .2, Heritage (Mei Guan Road, Orchard Road runoff, etc.) .3, .4 sites Ricci, Cantonese culture .5, .6 Revolution Historical sites, mining heritage sites.
four response Trail, dialects, ancient villages , last name be used and developed culture.
Keywords: Shaoguan; historical and cultural resources; tourism development
3. Shaoguan analysis of historical and cultural tourist attractions and development of ideas
Zhu Yongjie
(Studies of Beijing Union University, Beijing The Beijing 100101)
Abstract: Shaoguan in northern Guangdong mountainous area, rich in resources, is the second batch of Guangdong Province, the provincial historical and cultural city, Guangzhou is also the local tourism industry developed rapidly. However, tourism is not Shaoguan has developed to peak, there is still great potential for development, in particular historical and cultural resources, deep inside, the value of striking, will become another important area of tourism development. Shaoguan This article discusses the characteristics of historical and cultural tourism resources and development issues.
First, historical and cultural tourism resources Shaoguan features
l) of various types, a large number; 2) well-known high-level complete; 3) history of celebrity men, with valuable celebrity culture of available resources; 4) near the modern revolution in culture Fair; 5) better protection of historical and cultural tourism resources; 6) historical and cultural resource development have a good background of the natural eco-tourism resources, a combination that is conducive to tourism growth and reasonably attractive tourist routes of the building.
II Shaoguan Tourism development of historical and cultural resources in the development
the one hand, the principle of the development status quo, on the other hand the development of appropriate methods proposed in the development strategy, first, the focus of the development, followed by analysis of the tourist line, and then reveals the development should pay attention to other issues. summarized as follows: the development of principles: the principle of historical and cultural resources of the first weight; the principle of local conditions; sustainable development principles. Development Status: historical and cultural resources, advocacy is not enough; br> key to development:
1) to Do not pass as the representative of Temple religious culture series. 3) Mei Guan Road, Xijing Road, Chating Road, Zhuji Lane as the representative of the trail, Guxiang series .4) to Nanxiong, Renhua, and other revolutionary areas Lechang sites on behalf of the red revolution series .5) to style buildings, three video tower, Wild Goose Pagoda, the Forbidden City as the representative of ancient buildings and cultural lines .6) with ling, Yu Jing, Sun Yat-sen as the representative of the celebrity culture series .7) to Bibei yaozhai, Full Hakka Tai Wai, Twin Village folk culture as the representative series.
development lines:
m Shaoguan City Lion Rock (Maba Man site) a Nan Hua Temple - Three Shadows tower line , Iron Dragon Cave can be incorporated into the line; along State Road 323, east of the city of Shaoguan Shaoguan city Meiling a Abas Lane a line, you can take into account the full house of Hakka, Tai Wai, the Wild Goose Pagoda Temple Mount area and the West Lin, and five horses can be classified trough Shaoshi into account a line of dinosaur fossils; along State Road 106, the northern section of the urban area of Shaoguan Shaoguan city one of a bimodal Walled Danxiashan line, can Baishiling a reservoir of resources into JJ; with Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Zhuhai, 323 Shaoguan City Line - Yunmen Temple - Bibei YAO - Jinjiling line, and the Kowloon-eighth of a rock Buddha Beach, Lake Nanshui Nanling a Babel of a radish can also be integrated two lines.
Development should pay attention to other issues:
1) conservation and utilization; 2) the important mining resource potential, development of quality tourist routes, and build high-quality tourist products; 3) the similarities and differences based on consumer demand of tourists, the development of different adaptive system of tourist routes and products; 4) to further streamline travel management system, improve the common historical and cultural tourism resources development and utilization. With the continuing historical and cultural tourism in Shaoguan in depth, Shaoguan's tourism industry will leap to a new level.
Keywords: Shaoguan; historical and cultural tourism; characteristics; development
4. Shaoguan historical and cultural landscape tourism development of new ideas and new methods
Wen Xin Yue
(Department of Tourism of Shaoguan, Guangdong Shaoguan 512005)
Abstract: The northern part of Guangdong Shaoguan, north Nanling, bordering Hunan and Jiangxi; south of the Pearl River Delta, and rivers through the South China Sea. prominent geographical and historical position, a brilliant cultural achievements, to Shaoguan left a very rich and unique historical and cultural resources. Maba Man, Shek Kip cultural sites, Nan Hua Temple and the remains of the Sixth Patriarch, Mei Guan Road, Zhuji Lane, Jiuling hh are extremely rich heritage and cultural connotation of radiation, the Pan-Pearl River Delta in South China and even the cultural sphere inside, have a core value and status.
in some people's eyes, history is thick, freezing, or, simply is dusty. historical and cultural landscape is the same and, therefore, for a large number to show, display history and culture as the main form area. In fact, history is vivid, lifelike, you can experience, history is in the side. historical and cultural landscape of the tourism product development in China occupies a very important position, history and culture class travel product is also one of the products most visited mm which has become the consensus of the industry. historical and cultural landscapes in tourism development time exactly what kind of problems encountered? what should what kind of methods to solve these problems? Historical and Cultural Landscape Tourism The way out?
for these problems, the development of historical and cultural landscape tourism is the new way has been the development of concepts and methods of innovation, culture and history of integration and innovation, and emphasis on participatory and experiential tourism products design, attention to historical and cultural characteristics of a brand and establish a scientific concept of development and protection concepts and methods applied to other historical and cultural landscapes of tourism development practices.
Keywords: Shaoguan; history and culture; tourism development; ideas; method
5. On the cultural characteristics of tourism resources in Shaoguan Yong
first
(Sichuan University, Chengdu Institute of Geography, history, 610064)
Abstract: Shaoguan has more than two thousand years of history is a cultural city, China Excellent Tourism City. Shaoguan rich human and natural resources, tourism development potential. the one hand, each region has its own tourism resources and cultural features, tourism itself is feeling the unique history and culture of a region; other natural resources of tourism non-renewable, while tourism and cultural resources, especially the spiritual and cultural resources are irreplaceable uniqueness and persistence, which requires us to use the process of resource development in tourism, we must fully exploit the tourism resources of the region's culture, to fully highlight the cultural features of tourism resources. only based on the tourism resources of the cultural characteristics and advantages of a profound understanding of their cultural property and historical and cultural background, to increase the added value of cultural tourism products and improve the cultural quality in order to make the development truly out of the tourism product enduring vitality and competitiveness.
Shaoguan in tourism development and tourism related resources development, utilization, academia Shaoguan in how to develop eco-tourism, the red triangle tourism, regional tourism, tourism, the strengthening of tourism marketing, establish tourism image and the sustainable development of tourism has made a number of in-depth study and discussion, which Shaoguan tourism resources for the development, utilization and development of tourism has played a certain role. However, in many research papers , but few people concerned about tourism resources and cultural characteristics of Shaoguan, Shaoguan this far as religious culture, geology culture, history and cultural heritage, architectural culture, celebrity culture, national customs culture, Hakka culture, culture, health and longevity to make a specific discourse.
Keywords: Shaoguan; tourism resources; culture
6. Shun Shao music and cultural significance of the development of tourism in Shaoguan
Soong group
(Department of Tourism of Shaoguan, Guangdong Shaoguan 512005)
Summary : First, the Lingnan culture and the relationship between Shun
Otherwise, there will not be so many records.
Second, the Shao music and the relationship between Shaoguan
Shao music really is full of ethnic Miao invention, .3 laid the foundation for tourism, Shao music to create image of the city of Shaoguan.
Keywords: Emperor Shun; Shao music culture; Shaoguan; tourism value
7. write Qujiang grace, style
Xinde Yong River Jianwu
(Ancient History Research Center of Peking University, Beijing China 100871)
Abstract: This article from the Shaoguan two famous historical figures of local ling Tang and Song Yu Jing's story started narrative of their stories, poems text, and their historical influence and historical status.
ling article highlighted built by grace buildings and built by Yu Jing style building. here for people to build the flats for building transmission. advocates reconstruction of grace F Shaoguan and style building, the development relating to historical and cultural resources, these resources into tourism resources.
Keywords: ling; bearing floor; Yu Jing; style floor
8. Song Friendship between mid Wenchen < br> mm to Yu Jing Ouyang Xiu relationship with Case
in San
(Department of Tourism of Shaoguan, Guangdong Shaoguan 512005)
Abstract: Yu Jing and Ouyang Xiu, the same as during the North Song Ming Chen, Also the same for the southerners, common political ideals and character, so that they have forged an unusual friendship. especially in the They reputed later.
Keywords: Yu Jing; Xiu; Song; New Deal
9. Shaoguan mm Ming can not be ignored in the history of Sino-foreign cultural exchanges a part of
Zhouzhen He
(Fudan University History Geographical Research Center, Shanghai 200433)
Abstract: Shaoguan is the hub of arteries, particularly the ancient north-south channel of the throat, thus off north through May, the South who has been the best or even the only choice. to traffic today the meaning of the word, Shaoguan has an important transportation history in ancient significance. but the . And from this sense, Shaoguan has played an important role, and this effect is also its meaning in today's traffic is closely related reasons.
Ming Jesuits east, first of all based in Guangdong Zhaoqing , established in 1583 in the Temple to preach Xianhua. Six years later, the expulsion by the Guangdong and Guangxi Governor Liu Jiwen, then moved to Shaozhou. Shaozhou missionaries have lived in 23 years, during the mission, but also widely Exchange of Scholars, based on scientific knowledge as a missionary tool. before and after the missionaries and monks Shaozhou have spent more than ten people on as many officials and scholars also make nearly twenty people. this as a springboard for missionaries Matteo Ricci and Cattaneo, Longobardi and other important figures also further into the Chinese mainland, the growing influence of Western culture. So look at the Jesuits in the late Ming Shaozhou activities, in some sense the history of Sino-foreign cultural exchanges, For today, the development of tourism in Shaoguan may also have practical value.
Keywords: Shaoguan; Ricci
10. Shaoguan Hakka Culture
had Han Xiang
(College of Hakka Studies, Shaoguan, Guangdong Shaoguan 512005)
Abstract: Shaoguan is located in the north of Guangdong Province, and Hunan and Jiangxi provinces border; a population of more than three million, of which 70% of the residents are Hakka, according to our seven counties (Ruyuan, Renhua , Lechang, Nanxiong, Siheung, Wengyuan, Xinfeng) and 3 (near, Wu Jiang, Zhen Jiang) and field research, Wengyuan, Siheung, Xinfeng, Qujiang, sourced and can be said Renhua pure-off areas (more than 80% Hakka), and Nanxiong people, part of the Hakka, some say North Guangdong dialect; Lechang part of Hakka people, part of the northern part of Guangdong dialect speakers, and a small number of people Hunan speak words; Shaoguan city tick people say pull over, then, after Sino-Japanese War, was moved to Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, a large number of Cantonese people fled to the city of Shaoguan, Shaoguan city since people began to speak the vernacular (Cantonese). Apart from Shaoguan City, the suburban counties and four townships and rural areas were almost all speak Hakka. Shaoguan Hakka people claiming to be from generation to generation and more sub-Street Shanghang W (or W son Lane), in addition to the old Qujiang County genealogy in 1949, almost all political movements have been burned, the other seven counties have survived more or less of the old family tree, of which there are many similar records of oral material. Shaoguan close to the Jiangxi Province, but the direct moved from southern Jiangxi Province to the Hakka people are not the majority, this is quite an interesting phenomenon of migration. to traditional Chinese culture as the main Hakka Hakka culture as recognized in Shaoguan, Chongwen martial, plowing the fields at home is also a Hakka culture Shaoguan the mainstream. Shaoguan Hakka clan, religious ideas, customs, and residential construction and other civil society, have a rich Hakka culture.
Keywords: Shaoguan; Hakka culture; characteristics
11. Yuebei Hakka culture and its Tourism Development
Liao Wei Xun
(Department of Tourism of Shaoguan, Guangdong Shaoguan 512005)
Abstract: This paper mainly Hakka origins, historical development, Hakka and Chinese customs and culture and the history of relations between social change, focusing on analysis of Guangdong North and formation of Hakka culture, Hakka culture in North and then made the conceptual planning of tourism resources development and constructive suggestions.
Keywords: North of Guangdong; Hakka culture; tourism development
12. Shaoguan gutting its Tourism Development
Qi Wu
(Historical Geography Research Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632)
Abstract: The South Pavilion is an important building type area, this building type in Shaoguan is also quite a long history. South land transport from the Qin and Han Dynasties Ridge has merged his side, wide open land north and south Nanling Tang, this time in Shaoguan City, Guangdong on the environment as Xijing Chang'an that there are booths along the lines of the construction. Qing dynasty, Shaoguan region due to trade, business, philanthropy and the development of tourism activities, the construction of kiosks more widely available, so gutting the existing building during the Qing Dynasty, a small number of Republican architecture. Shaoguan gutting the existing 24 regions can be divided into Road Pavilion (pavilion), pavilion and pavilion three categories, many of whom Road Pavilion (pavilion), there are 17, that is the heart Ruyuan County Korean Pavilion, mud Au Pavilion, enjoy the cool air rain shelters, kiosks Yunling ladder, Life German Pavilion, Yang Zhi Pavilion, officials only kiosks, pavilions and separately added into the Pavilion, Pavilion Lechang City, Kaifeng, general economic Pavilion, nurturance Pavilion, General sanjong, Jimmy Ting step of the first booth Au, Shuter booths and kiosks Fook Yum; part pavilion, there are six, namely Lechang City Yuquan Ting, Ting Chun Chu stop more toward Xianting, double ting, Ting and Wu Cang and Health Pavilion; pavilion only Block 1, that is, the cemetery pavilion Yunnan Army Zhenjiang District in Shaoguan. the various booths, in addition to the cemetery pavilion outside the Yunnan Army, are distributed in Ruyuan County and City in Lechang mountain trail or Nanling The nearby attractions of the land, building structure shiting, wood booths, wood shiting based, individual brick pavilions. Shaoguan gutting the existing number of large, preserved largely intact, history and culture with a rich architectural and cultural connotations, it is the system Research should also be in the protection of maintenance, while actively developing its tourism and cultural value.
Keywords: Shaoguan; gutting; tourism development
13. Visitor Experience Management from the Perspective of Buddhist tourism development
Shaoguan high Weizhong < br> (Department of Tourism of Shaoguan, Guangdong Shaoguan 512005)
Abstract: Buddhist tourism is based on Buddhist culture as the core, with the associated natural and cultural resources to attract tourists Buddhists and the general conduct, including worship, study, sightseeing, cultural and other special tours. as a kind of religious tourism in China, Buddhist tourism attraction with more extensive tourist market, to re-visit rate, long life cycle and other significant features, it would become in the development of culture around Tourism should focus on the process of consideration. Shaoguan relatively rich tourism resources of Buddhism, especially the Emperor Wu-day prison was built in the Northern and Southern Dynasty (AD 502) of the Nan Hua Temple, the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism, Hui Neng is promoting Nanzong meditation, Since the eighties, Shaoguan Buddhist tourism has been greatly developed, but there are also many problems. This paper argues that the core is the experience of travel, tourism, consumption spending is an experience, an experience of tourism services, therefore, visitors must experience the management perspective to look at Shaoguan Buddhist tourism product development and tourism services, the theme from the identification of travel experience, travel experience management platform to build, strengthen the tourist experience, continuous innovation and marketing, and many other experiences to shape the regional tourism brand of Buddhism, thus contributing to the development of tourism industry in Shaoguan.
Keywords: Shaoguan; management perspective; Buddhism; tourism development
14. according to the development of tourism is economic development and minority areas,
building a socialist The fundamental way out for a harmonious society
Yu Zhiyong
(Department of Tourism of Shaoguan, Guangdong Shaoguan 512005)
Abstract: 1, how the national economic development areas, poverty alleviation and building a socialist harmonious society is a long present and future a major issue during the period should lead to a wide range of academic attention and research for local government decision-making based on theoretical and practical aspects of .2, the tourism industry as a comprehensive, high industry association in the past 5 years of rapid development in China has greatly boosted the development of related industries and employment rates have increased, tourism has become a new growth point of China's national economy, prospects for the future development of broader .3, tourism is economic development for minority areas in China a sunrise industry is in the minority areas building well-off society and building a socialist harmonious society important. But, for now in terms of whether tourism development in ethnic areas, and areas of tourism development on the significance of how the nation can be said to continue the discussion down the significance has not become so big, I need to seriously discuss how to develop tourism through the correct channels .4, tourism development based on the theory and practice of tourism development in China, according to the development of tourism, tourism can be maintained sustainable development of China's national economic and social sustainable development, is not only a fundamental way, and is a must not subvert the truth .5, of course, ethnic minority areas in order to truly implement the sustainable development of tourism in accordance with the law, must have a number of conditions, mainly human condition.
Keywords: laws and regulations; minority areas; tourism planning; tourism development; tourism operation; human condition
15. Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi together the Red Triangle Strategies Ecological Tourist Zone Sui spring flowers of

(Department of Tourism of Shaoguan, Guangdong Shaoguan 512005)
Abstract: The Red Triangle region has rich natural and human tourism resources, the Red Triangle in favor of eco-tourism area of Shaoguan, Chenzhou and Ganzhou Economic less developed regions become prosperous, and promoting rational use of resources and complementary strengths, will help improve the overall competitiveness of the three cities. This article discusses the four levels of Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi together the Red Triangle The strategy of eco-tourism area, from the government level together to break administrative barriers, and establish a large red triangle concept of eco-tourism area; tourist routes level, implementation of quality strategy, the introduction of the red triangle of the leading eco-tourism products; from the industry level to speed up tourism industry clustering and information technology to establish a good pace and with the Pearl River Delta cooperation between the regional cooperation dimension. Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi Province Chen Shao three cities to work together to create a good mechanism to build fine lines, the red triangle of eco-tourism zone has a high reputation at home and abroad into a tourist destination.
key words: Red Triangle; eco-tourism area; region; eco-tourism
16. Shaoguan traveling by car with the university teachers and students develop specific research
fee Province (Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Sino-French School of Tourism 510055)
Abstract: In recent years, a substantial increase of private cars in China residents, road network continue to extend, gradually improve the tourism environment, the rapid development of self-driving tour, almost every year to flood into the growth. According to authoritative reports, the National Day Golden Week this year, the number of passengers down a long road, but self-driving tourists has increased significantly. Zijia relatively rapid development activities, professional research position is behind the lot. published in professional journals since 2003, traveling by car papers from the first paper, in 2004 an 2005, 9, first half of 2006 3 , Papers and tourism professionals to the country's total number of papers about 2p, not made more.
similar to the national situation, Shaoguan Zijia good momentum of development, early April 2005, after the meeting of international tourism, tourism activities related to further development, the self-drive seen the media reports continued to travel, network information is also increasing in the past few tourist season, especially the performance of Golden Week, encouraging enough. If the situation with regard to traveling by car in terms of research, it shows a certain lack of In recent years, professional papers published in the press as a zero record in the region and expand the limited national impact, detrimental to the development of traveling by car. research yet to be developed, such as basic data can be managed research, market research, services research.
a study of traveling by car, is a tour of higher education institutions work, School of Tourism of Guangzhou University nearly three years of gradual development of traveling by car, we made some progress, such as highway toll Guangdong Guangdong Card site construction company, cars Hotel research. teachers get a driver's license, own a car, and actively participate in the growing number of people traveling by car, driving the practice of growing rich, gradually accumulated experience, research has increased the enthusiasm to guide the students a sense of responsibility thesis writing Zijia and interest has improved significantly.
School of Tourism of Guangzhou University undergraduate thesis about nearly three in 26 800 is the study of traveling by car, and the 2004 one, in 2005 and 11, 2006 Session 14, and 2007 term is similar to last year the number of Zijia topics, on the one hand the number gradually increased, and more diverse content of the article the other hand, has increased the overall level of paper. These Zijia paper, the basic object in Shaoguan, only two, because the topics more freedom, they lack the practical needs of some combination of more focused and effective, resulting in research capacity is not fully utilized. In short, teachers and students of Guangzhou University School of Tourism's research capability in traveling by car has taken shape, you can assume certain research tasks.
proposed Shaoguan Tourism management and related businesses to the development of activities in the region develop Zijia several topics, including infrastructure and strong practical information collection, arrangement and strong management issues, using the tender, or commission in the form of travel to Guangzhou University students and faculty research, effective use of this rather low-cost professional scientific research, promote the development of Shaoguan Zijia.
Keywords: Shaoguan; Zijia; university teachers and students < br>